Whats Behind United States Immigration (Exploratory Essay)

Mellizza Lansang EN102-21169 Prof: M Jacob Broderick 9 October 2012 What is behind US Immigration? Illegal immigration has been a huge problem of United States for a long period of time. There are two common ways of how people come to US illegally; first is to cross the border between Mexico and US; second is to overstay when they come to US as a visitor. Why do people want to come to the United States if they are going to be here illegally? Simply, because those illegal immigrants want to have a better life than what they have back in their homeland; but the question here is why then did people come to the United States illegally if they are not getting any benefits? As I asked myself this question, my mind begun to think about the†¦show more content†¦He also gave example of the leaders of our nation such as Martin Luther King, Jr., who fought with the unjust laws. Not taking action wouldn’t help anybody; Kavanaugh proposed giving â€Å"legal status to anyone who contributes to our common good.† He also suggests considering the immigrant’s status f or amnesty. This article could attract many Christian readers because he used the bible in his argument, but I don’t find Kavanaugh’s article to be persuasive and I had a hard time agreeing with his view. In my point of view church and state are two different institutions; not everything in the Bible can be apply in our government law. I didn’t like how he used the undocumented family’s status as a reason for them to be here illegally because it is not fair to the immigrants who worked hard and who loan money to come to United States. I admit that NAFTA could be one of the reasons of their sufferings in their life; it’s still not enough reason to immigrate to United States illegally. I didn’t like the argument that people who contribute to the community should not be labeled â€Å"illegal.† They should be called â€Å"illegal†, illegal means not authorized and as illegalShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organization al Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAccount Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing AssistantRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesStudies Approach with Spreadsheets, Fourth Edition Stevenson and Ozgur, Introduction to Management Science with Spreadsheets, First Edition Project Management The Managerial Process Fifth Edition Erik W. Larson Oregon State University Clifford F. Gray Oregon State University PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill

The Common Indoor Air Pollutants Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(106) " structure through the metamorphosis procedure \( nutrient ingestion \) , and residents ‘ activity\." Air pollution is an look used to depict the air province when the concentrations of chemicals, particulate affair, or biological agents in the air exceeds the recommended degrees and became a beginning of wellness jeopardy or do uncomfortableness to worlds and other beings, or cause amendss to the populating natural environment. Pollution can be resulted from semisynthetic day-to-day industrial procedures and activities or by the nature. There are many signifiers of pollutants solid atoms, liquid droplets, or gases. We will write a custom essay sample on The Common Indoor Air Pollutants Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indoor air pollution can be arises from indoor and out-of-door pollutant beginnings. Peoples, particularly pupils, spend about 90 % of their live in sealed controlled environments, EPA ( 2001 ) . These sealed environments may hold pollutant beginnings that could hold short or long effects on residents ‘ wellness, comfort, wellbeing, morale and productiveness. The strength of the effects depends on the degree of the quality of the inside air ( pollution degrees ) . In recent old ages, the issue of indoor air and its quality ( IAQ ) has become an internationally recognized issue that caught the attending of research workers and the residents toward bettering the quality of air inside edifices environments. Fanger ( 2006 ) defines the indoor air quality ( IAQ ) as â€Å" the desire of human to comprehend the air as fresh and pleasant, with no negative impacts on their heath and productiveness † . Many research workers such as Wark and Warner ( 1981 ) and Singh ( 1996 ) investigated discussed the beginnings of the outdoor and the indoor pollution that affect ed the indoor air. They found that the indoor air quality can be influenced by the out-of-door air pollution beginnings such as traffic ; industrial ; building, and burning activities and the indoor beginnings such as airing equipment, trappingss, and human activities. Common Indoor Air Pollutants In this subdivision, the common indoor air quality parametric quantities and its outdoor and indoor beginning in add-on to it is wellness jeopardy on human shall be discussed. The common IAQ parametric quantities consists of three physical parametric quantities ( room temperature, comparative humidness, and air motion ) related to residents ‘ thermal comfort which is defined in the old chapter, eight gaseous contamination parametric quantities ( sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) , nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) , C monoxide ( CO ) , C dioxide ( CO2 ) , formaldehyde ( HCHO ) , radon ( Rn ) , ozone ( O3 ) and hydrocarbons ) and three airborne contaminations parametric quantities, particulates affairs ( PM ) ; bioaerosols ( bacteriums, viruses, Fungis and pollen, aˆÂ ¦etc ) and dusts, In add-on to the treatment of olfactory properties. Sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) This type of pollutant gas has been extensively studied by many research workers around the universe in out-of-doorss environments due to it is high inclination to respond with broad scope of chemicals. SO2 is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent olfactory property and consequences from the fossil fuels burning. Acid rain is one of the out-of-door pollution job cased by this gas. Indoor SO2 concentrations are normally lower than outdoor, likely around 0.1 ppm, ( Andersen 1972 ; Yocom, 1982 and Meyer, 1983 ) . Due to it inclination to respond with many chemicals, indoor SO2 can respond with edifice stuffs and absorbed by the edifice surfaces ( Andersen 1972 ) . This gas can fade out in H2O and mixes with air in all temperatures. The chief indoor beginnings of SO2 are coal firing inside hearths and utilizing fuel oil ranges and warmers. Sulfur dioxide causes concern, general uncomfortableness, anxiousness, and redness of the respiratory piece of land, wheezing, lung harm, and annoyance of the eyes, nose and pharynx, choking and coughing, ASHRAE ( 2009 ) . Nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) Nitrogen dioxide is caustic gas with acrid olfactory property and formed in outdoor atmosphere from high temperature burning procedures by the reaction of the azotic oxide ( NO ) with Oxygen ( O2 ) and Ozone ( O3 ) . Motor vehicles contribute to about 55 % of the manmade NOx emanations, EPA ( 2008 ) . The major beginnings of this gas in indoors environments are gas cookery ranges and warmer and baccy fume, Samet et al. , ( 1987 ) . In a survey done by Yocom ( 1982 ) among British school kids it was found that pupils whom suffer from reduced respiratory map are populating in houses with gas ranges. Exposure to low degrees of Nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) causes shortness of breath, fatigue, sickness and annoyance to the eyes, nose, pharynx, and lungs ; exposure to high degrees cause rapid combustion, cramps, swelling of tissues in the pharynx and upper respiratory piece of land, reduced oxygenation of organic structure tissues, a build-up of fluid in the lungs, and may take to decease, ( Burgess and Crutchfield, 1995 ; Bascom et Al. 1996 and ASHRAE, 2009 ) . Carbon monoxide ( CO ) CO is a really toxicant asphyxiant and non irritating gas that has no colour, olfactory property or gustatory sensation. This gas produced by the uncomplete burning of carbon-based fuels ( Yocom, 1982 and Meyer, 1983 ) . Vehicular fumes is a major beginning of C monoxide, ( Moolenaar et al. , 1995 ; Girman et al. , 1998 and EPA, 2008 ) . The indoor C monoxide concentrations are frequently higher than the out-of-door concentrations due to the emanation from gas ranges and baccy fume, ( Yocom, 1982 and Girman et al. , 1998 ) . The chief consequence of this gas on human wellness is its affinity for haemoglobin in blood. The inhaled CO mixes with the haemoglobin in the blood and signifiers carboxyhemoglobin that reduces the O transporting capacity of the blood vass. CO is 240 times more efficient at haemoglobin adhering than Oxygen, ASHRAE ( 2009 ) . Exposure to carbon monoxide causes concerns, shortness of breath, musculus achings, chest hurting, particularly in people with old bosom jobs history, blurry vision, giddiness, nausea/vomiting, failing, confusion, weariness, rapid bosom rate at high degrees, fast deep external respiration at high degrees, fainting and decease at high degrees, CPSC ( 2008 ) . Carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless, asphyxiant nursery gas emitted from the complete burning of the C with Oxygen. The mean typical concentrations of CO2 in the outdoor and indoor ( nonindustrial ) environment are 350-400 ppm, and 400-1200 ppm, severally, ASHRAE ( 2009 ) . The chief beginnings of the indoor CO2 are human organic structure through the metamorphosis procedure ( nutrient ingestion ) , and residents ‘ activity. You read "The Common Indoor Air Pollutants Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" The wellness jobs associated with C dioxide exposure are concerns, giddiness, restlessness, feeling of an inability to take a breath, unease ( obscure feeling of uncomfortableness ) , increased bosom rate, increased blood force per unit area, ocular deformation, impaired hearing, nausea/vomiting, loss of consciousness, coma, paroxysms, decease from suffocation ( organic structure cells do non acquire the O they need to populate ) , EPA ( 2008 ) . Formaldehyde ( HCHO ) Formaldehyde is a colorless with a strong pungent olfactory property and considered as the most of import substance in the aldehydes group due to it is largely used in the production procedure of many constructing stuffs such as foam insularity, plyboard, rugs, burning contraptions and atom board adhesives which releases once more the methanal to the indoor environment. The typical indoor methanal concentrations range from 0.05 to 1 ppm, where in the new edifices the indoor degrees of the methanal are high, ( Meyer, 1983 ; Samet et al. , 1991 ) and most of the complains were from edifices with formaldehyde froth insularity and nomadic places that uses plyboard panelling, Wadden ( 1983 ) . The rate of diffusion of this substance is a map of the indoor temperature and humidness. Exposing to formaldehyde can do wellness effects include oculus, nose, and pharynx annoyance ; wheezing and coughing ; weariness ; skin roseola ; terrible allergic reactions, EPA ( 2008 ) . High concentrations of methanal may do malignant neoplastic disease and other effects listed under organic gases. Radon ( Rn ) Radon is an inert radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless baronial chemical gas component. Naturally, this component can be found as dirt gas contained Rn formed from the decay merchandise of uranium and can stay as a gas under normal environmental conditions. This contaminant component can be found indoors due to some beginnings such as edifice stuffs particularly that rich with Ra, such as alum shale-based stuff and phosphogypsum drywall, deep Wellss H2O natural gas holding high Rn concentrations. Another chief beginning is the flow of the dirt gas into the places through edifice clefts, sumps and any other gaps or around the concrete slab, Bale ( 1980 ) . Due to tightness of the edifices design, the indoor concentrations are normally higher than that in out-of-door environment. Recently, this component is considered as carcinogen component du to it is radiation, which has a critical wellness jeopardy on edifices residents, where it is considered to be the 2nd most ground of lu ng malignant neoplastic disease after coffin nail smoke, EPA ( 2008 ) . Ozone ( O3 ) Ozone is a really reactive pollutant that can oxidise most of the chemicals in nature such as aldehydes. In natural outdoor environment, Ozone produces from the consequence of the sunshine on the N oxides and hydrocarbons. Normally the Ozone concentrations in the out-of-door environment are higher than that found in indoors. The chief beginnings of the high indoor Ozone concentration are the photocopy machines, optical maser pressmans, electrostatic air cleaners and x-ray generators, ( Yocom, 1982 and Wadden, 1983 ) . These beginnings develop electrostatic Fieldss that can bring forth extremely toxic concentrations of ozone in air. Exposing to low concentration degrees of Ozone can do oculus annoyance, ocular perturbations, concerns, giddiness, oral cavity and pharynx annoyance, thorax hurting, insomnia, breath shortness and coughing ( Sittig, 1991 and Apte et Al. 2007 ) , where exposure to high degrees of ozone can cut down lung map or respiratory jobs, such as asthma or bronchitis, ( Bates, 1989 ; EPA, 2008 and ASHRAE, 2009 ) Hydrocarbons Most of the indoor hydrocarbons beginnings are consequences from the different housework stuffs such as widows, oven, drain, vesture cleaners, pigment dissolver and human usage stuffs such as deodourants, shaving picks, hair sprays and air refreshers sprays. The indoor hydrocarbons degrees reach high degrees when housework is in advancement, Meyer ( 1983 ) . The indoor cookery gas ( largely Propane gas ) is considered besides a major beginning of the indoor hydrocarbons which may consequences in serious fire accidents or decease due to deficient care or checking for the gas burner and cookery equipment, Meyer ( 1983 ) . Particulate affair ( PM ) Particulate affair ( PM ) can be found solid and/or liquid droplets atoms suspended in air. Particulate affair can be generated from adult male made ( fossil fuels burning and mechanical procedures ) or natural ( vents, dust storms, and forest and grassland fires ) , ASHRAE ( 2009 ) . There are many beginnings of the indoor atoms such as pets, gas ranges, and baccy fume. Atoms classified harmonizing to its size as all right atoms are those whose size is smaller than 2.5 I?m and harsh atoms are those which are larger than 2.5 I?m. Heinrich and Slama ( 2007 ) argued that the all right atoms are the major menace beginning that affects the kids wellness, where exposing to ticket atoms can consequences in cardiac and respiratory jobs, ( Dockery et al. , 1993 ; Dockery and Pope, 1994 ; Pope et al. , 2002 ; Wu et al. , 2005 and Gilliland et al. , 2005 ) . The PM metals constituents are a major beginning that involves in the development of pneumonic, cardiovascular and allergic diseases, Sch warze et Al. ( 2006 ) . Exposure to high degrees of all right atoms causes wellness jeopardies such as bosom diseases ; respiratory diseases ; altered lung maps, particularly in kids, and lung malignant neoplastic disease and decease, EPA ( 2008 ) . Bioaerosols Parameters Fungi, viruses, bacteriums, fungous and bacteria spores, pollen and allergens are types of the microbiological indoor particulate contaminations. The major beginnings of these contaminations are human, animate beings and workss and it can be found anyplace these beginnings are available, Meyer ( 1983 ) . Due to the deficient care of the HVAC system parts ( capacitors, chilling spirals, canals and drainage pans ) it can be another beginning of taint by promoting the proliferation of the bugs, ( Wark and Warner, 1981 and Samet et al. , 1991 ) . The concentrations of the indoor bugs are higher than that in the out-of-door environment due to the edifice stringency and the beginning handiness. Dust Dust is one type of the solid particulate contaminations. ASHRAE ( 2009 ) defines dust as â€Å" solid atoms projected into air by natural forces such as air current, volcanic eruption, temblors, or by mechanical procedures including suppression, crunching, destruction, blasting, showing, boring, shoveling and sweeping † . Dust immigrates from exterior to inside environment by infiltration air through the edifice ‘s cleft, uncertain Windowss and doors and through the airing system. Dust has wellness effects on people with ultra-sensitive lungs such as people with asthma, immature kids and aged people. Dust causes uncomfortableness for people and amendss home furniture and family equipment. Olfactory properties Indoor olfactory properties are originating from resident ‘s organic structure and their indoor activities such as smoke, cookery, refuse, sewerage and industrial procedures. The human organic structure usually dissipates around 200 types of chemicals which are responsible for the human olfactory properties, ( Meyer, 1983 ) . Olfactory properties do non hold any major effects on the resident ‘s wellness, but it causes discomfort esthesis to the residents which make it as a mark of the hapless indoor air quality. During this survey, the CO2 contamination will be studied to look into the indoor air quality inside Kuwaiti ‘s schoolrooms. The indoor concentration of C dioxide ( CO2 ) has frequently been used as a alternate for the airing rate per resident, ( Lee and Chang, 1999 and Daisey et al. , 2003 ) , where supplying good airing rates with sufficient sums of fresh air can thin and reduces the concentrations degrees of indoor air pollution generated by the different indoor pollutants beginnings. International and Kuwait Indoor Air Quality Standards and Regulations Since the last decennary, research workers were interested to look into the indoor air pollution for different indoor environments and the contamination beginnings to bespeak the acceptable indoor concentration degrees for these pollutants. As a consequence of these researches, many IAQ criterions and ordinances have been developed and established by different organisations indicates the recommended acceptable concentrations degrees for these indoor pollutants. A sum-up of the common indoor air pollutants criterions in ppm ( unless otherwise specified ) are given in Table 3.1. Since people spend most of their times in indoor environments in edifices, these edifices are expected to be good designed to non endanger the residents ‘ wellbeing and wellness. Residents ‘ have good cognition of the different types of the indoor pollutants and it is wellness jeopardies on human, but there is still one facet which is the quality of the air inside the edifice envelope and whether it is equal or unequal which may non hold a menace to residents ‘ wellness. Due to the energy crisis of the 1970s, tighter edifices designs with low air exchange ( fresh air ) with outside environment have been constructed in order to salvage energy costs. Indoor air recirculation airing scheme has been used for constructing airing intents. Although important energy nest eggs was accomplished, research workers reported residents ‘ complains due to a composite and even disenabling syndromes. These syndromes are recently defined as ill edifice syndrome ( SBS ) and were linked to the pollution of the inside air and the degree of the airing. Unacceptable indoor air quality ( IAQ ) conditions may happen in 30 % of the new edifices ( WHO, 2000 ) and may do diverse symptoms and unwellnesss that affect the residents ‘ wellbeing and consequences to increase residents ‘ productiveness lost and work absenteeism. These symptom syndrome which referred to as SBS, may take to important work clip lost and medical costs that affects the national economic system. The ill edifice syndrome ( SBS ) can be identified by the undermentioned typical symptoms such as concern ; chest stringency ; lethargy ; dry thorax ; stuffy nose ; lost of concentration ; dry tegument ; blocked, runny an scabies olfactory organ and lacrimation or antsy eyes. Constructing ill syndrome ( SBS ) and the edifice related unwellness ( BRI ) are non needfully to be the same, where the BRI symptoms such as disease, coryza and asthma are more acute than SBS symptoms in the edifices, Singh ( 1996 ) . Indoor Air Quality ( IAQ ) in Schools Schools are the most of import indoor environments that kids spend most of their times besides places. It is good documented that IAQ jobs in schools and other edifices types commercial and residential occurred during the 1970s oil episodes. Ventilation in these edifices has decreased to salvage energy by depending on the indoor recycled air inside the occupied zone. Children breathe higher volumes of air relative to their organic structure weights which make them more susceptibleness to some environmental pollutants than grownups, ( Faustman et al. , 2000 and Landrigan, 1998 ) . Poor IAQ in the schoolroom could hold negative impacts on kids ‘s acquisition and public presentation, which may hold both immediate and womb-to-tomb effects, for the pupils and for society ( Mendell and Heath, 2005 ) . Many research workers investigated IAQ jobs in schools around the universe, where these probes were conducted frequently for a specific individual indoor air pollutant or a combination of pollutants ( GAO, 1995 ) . In schools, pollutant emanations can happen in many topographic points within the school envelope such cafeterias, swimming pools, scientific discipline labs ( frequently without fume goons ) and computing machine suites. IAQ jobs can consequences besides from the edifice design, building stuffs, type of the HVAC units and the deficiency of care of these units, and crowded schoolrooms. The undermentioned literature is some illustrations of the surveies conducted in schoolrooms around the universe to look into the effects of the different indoor pollutants on the pupil ‘s wellness and public presentation. The NO2, TVOC, methanal, PM10 and asbestos dust concentrations were measured by Cavallo et Al. ( 1993 ) in 10 of course ventilated schools and seven air-conditioned office edifices in Italy. The findings of this survey suggested that the mean NO2, PM10 and asbestos dust concentrations were the same indoors and out-of-doorss in all schools. The effects of generated pollutants from gas warmers on kids in 41 schoolrooms in Australia were studied by Pilotto et Al. ( 1997 ) . A important relation was found between the indoor NO2 concentration and the absences of the pupils from school. The writers reported that strong grounds was found between the association of NO2 concentration degrees and the pupil ‘s sore pharynx, balls and absences from school even at these low degrees. Lee and Chang ( 2000 ) measured and compared the indoor and out-of-door comparative humidness ( Rh factor ) , CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, PM10, HCHO concentrations and entire bacterium counts in five air-conditioned or of course ventilated schoolrooms in Hong Kong. The purpose of this survey was to look into whether the mensural indoor concentration degrees are complied with the Hong Kong criterion. In a survey by Daisey et Al. ( 2003 ) reviewed and analyzed the literature of the go outing IAQ, airing and indicated the edifice wellness jobs information related to the school edifice. The mensural airing and CO2 concentrations showed that many of the schoolrooms were have unequal airing. They suggested that although degrees of the mensural indoor pollutants concentrations ( HCHO, VOCs and bioaerosols ) were lower than that recommended by criterions and guidelines, exposures to pollutants in schools are associated with allergic reaction, asthma, and SBS symptoms In Denmark, Meyer et Al. ( 2004 ) conduced a cross-sectional epidemiological survey included 1053 school kids aged 13-17 old ages, in 15 school edifices utilizing questionnaire about the edifice related symptoms and wellness facets effects on the pupils exposure some to indoor pollutants. In this survey the room temperature, CO2, comparative humidness degrees were measured, the dust from the floors, air, airing canals during school twenty-four hours were collected and constructing features including mold infestation were assessed. The writers reported there is no positive association between building-related symptoms and the wet of the air and growing of casts in the school edifices. The writers concluded that cast exposure is secondary beginning and non a chief beginning to either asthma, hay febrility, recent air passage infection, or psychosocial factors. A field survey included 358 pupils in traditional and portable mechanical ventilated schoolrooms in 22 primary and secondary schools conducted by Shendell et Al. ( 2004 ) to look into the consequence of the difference between the outdoor and indoor CO2 concentrations and the pupil absence in Washington and Idaho, USA. The short-run CO2 concentrations were higher in more than half of the schoolrooms. The writers found that a 1000 ppm addition in the dCO2 will diminish the one-year mean day-to-day attending of the pupils by 0.5-0.9 % , matching to relative10-20 % addition in the pupil ‘s absence. In a critical scientific reappraisal about the grounds for the direct association of the indoor pollutants and thermic conditions on the pupils ‘ public presentation and attending in schools, Mendell and Heath ( 2004 ) concluded that exposing to indoor microbic and chemical pollutants beginnings in schools can be linked to increased school absenteeism, asthma, and allergic reaction in kids and grownups. In eight schools edifices in France, which were either of course or automatically ventilated, Blondeau et Al. ( 2005 ) carried out a field survey to mensurate the outdoor and indoor pollution in these edifice. In this field study the writers continuously monitored the outdoor and indoor gaseous pollutants ( Ozone, NO and NO2 ) , and airborne atom pollutants in add-on to the indoor humidness, temperature, CO2 concentration for two 2-week periods. The findings of this survey shows an acceptable No and NO2 outdoor/indoor concentrations ratio, where the outdoor/indoor Ozone concentrations ratio was high and was affected by the out-of-door environment. Writers argued reported that â€Å" the more air-tight the edifice envelope, the lower the Ozone ratio occurred † . They besides found the tenancy is strongly influences the indoor concentration degree of the mensural airborne atoms when the edifices were occupied. In parallel categories of 10-year-old kids, Wargocki et Al. ( 2005 ) studied and measured the impact of the IAQ by increased airing on the kids ‘s larning public presentation. In appropriate lessons each hebdomad, the kids ‘s usual instructors administered parallel public presentation from reading to mathematics undertakings were administrated by instructors to the kids during a school hebdomad period. The writers found that if the airing rate increased from 5 to 10 l/s, a important betterment by ore than 15 % in the public presentation of school work is achieved. In a field survey conducted in 64 simple and in-between school schoolrooms in Michigan, USA, Godwin and Batterman ( 2007 ) , monitored and examined the Indoor air quality ( IAQ ) parametric quantities to measure the degrees of different indoor pollutants ( CO2, VOCs and bioaerosols ) , the emanation beginnings, comparative humidness, temperature and the airing rates over one school hebdomad. During this survey the writers completed a comprehensive and the measurings were used to look into the differences in air quality degree within and between schools. It was found that in many of the tested schoolrooms the CO2 concentrations are higher than the standard degree ( 1000 ppm ) which indicates unequal airing rates, where the degrees of the mensural indoor pollutants were low to chair concentrations. Ventilation Ratess and Energy Consumption in School Ventilation procedure is supplying sums of out-of-door air ( fresh air ) from the outside environment to the inside infinites or zones via flow through of course agencies ( unfastened doors and window ) or automatically agencies ( fans and HVAC systems ) or by infiltration through the edifice clefts. The chief thought of the airing procedure is to supply the comfort and wellness conditions of the residents by equilibrating the thermic comfort conditions and thining the concentrations of the indoor pollutants within the occupied zone envelope. The ingestion of the energy in the airing procedure in edifices is due to the usage the automatically ventilation systems to thermally conditioning the airing air by chilling, warming, dehumidification or humidification procedures or utilizing airing fans. The capacity of the energy ingestion by these systems is relative straight to the addition of the sum of the airing air needed. The airing procedure is guided by the international criterions and ordinances such as ASHRAE 62 criterion by stipulating the minimal airing rates that can run into the resident ‘s comfort and wellness conditions to keep their public presentation and productiveness, while salvaging the energy used. Due to Kuwait clime is characterized as hot and dry desert clime, the usage of the HVAC systems is indispensable in all edifice most of the twelvemonth. Air-conditioning in Kuwait consumes 45 % of the one-year energy production ( 21 G.kWh ) with one-year cost of about KD 0.7 billion, ( MEW-R6, 2010 and MEW, 2010 ) . In Kuwait there is 540 school edifices consists of 14426 schoolrooms occupied by 360634 pupils with an mean ratio of 25 pupils per schoolroom, MOE ( 2009 ) . The figure of schools is subjected to be increase by 10 % annually, MOE ( 2009 ) . Since the beginning of 1990 ‘s, the school edifices in Kuwait were extensively constructed or renovated. Air-conditioning systems were installed in those edifices to supply comfy thermic and wellness conditions. The control of those systems is non under the direct control of the pupils, and this may hold a negative consequence on the pupil comfort and wellness in the schoolroom. These schools consume about 10 % of the state one-year energy production ( 2.1 G.kWh per twelvemonth ) costs about KD 60 1000000s with a day-to-day rate of 16 kWh per pupil and one-year addition of 5 % , MEW ( 2009 ) . The ASHRAE criterion 62 ( 2004 ) for airing demands is considered by MEW-R6 ( 2010 ) codification for the different types of edifices and infinites. Harmonizing to this criterion a minimal airing rate of 7.5 L/s ( 15 ft3/min ) per resident in schoolrooms is recommended with a typical occupant denseness of 33 individuals per 90 M2 ( 1000 ft2 ) and ceiling tallness of 3 m ( 10 foot ) . The current ASHRAE criterion would necessitate an air exchange rate of about 3 air alteration per hr ( ACH ) for schoolroom. Sing to the air alteration rates in hr, the ministry of electricity and H2O recommended an air alteration of 0.5 ACH for schoolrooms for energy economy demands, MEW-R6 ( 2010 ) . The indoor air quality conditions in schoolrooms have to be earnestly considered because pupils are still physically developing, where hapless indoor air quality conditions could impact the pupils ‘ and staff ‘s comfort, wellness and may indirectly impact their acquisition and public presentation and productiveness – this may hold damaging effects on them and the society ‘s hereafter. Ventilation rates and Student ‘s Performance and Productivity Through the literature there are few surveies conducted to look into the consequence of the different airing rates on the pupil ‘s and staff ‘s school work public presentation and productiveness in schoolrooms. Myhrvold and Olesen ( 1997 ) conducted a field survey in 35 Norse schoolrooms to mensurate the pupils ‘ concentration by mensurating their reaction times with different airing rates. They found that by increasing the airing rate per individual from 4 L/s to 12 L/s, the pupils ‘ reaction times were 5.4 % less ( i.e. faster ) . In three public presentation trials used by Ito et Al. ( 2006 ) and Murakami et Al. ( 2006 ) in Nipponese schoolrooms, research workers found that with an addition in airing rate from 0.6-5 L/s the public presentation was improved 5.4 % ; 8.7 % and 5.8 % severally. Wargocki and Wyon ( 2006 ; 2007a and B ) investigated the impact of increasing the airing rate on the public presentation of 10 old ages old school kids with analogue of public presentation undertakings. The writers found that increasing the airing rate from 5 to 10 L/s, the school work public presentation will improved by 15 % and do a noticeable kids ‘s school public presentation and acquisition. In two UK schoolrooms, it was found that the students ‘ work rate increased by 7 % in the mathematical trials of add-on and minus by increasing the supplied fresh air from 0.3-5 to 13-16 L/s, ( Bako-Biro et Al, 2007 ) . Discussion Through the presentation of the indoor air quality literature reappraisal in this chapter, it can be shown that the importance of look intoing quality of the indoor air in the different occupied zones, particularly schoolrooms in schools, to bespeak the pollution beginnings and the degree of the different pollutants that may happen in schoolrooms. The necessity to regularly look into the indoor air quality inside the schoolrooms is due to the high denseness of pupils in schoolrooms and the long period of exposure for the different pollutants beginnings which may earnestly impact the pupil ‘s and staff ‘s comfort and wellness and consequences in serious wellness jobs that can increase the absence from school and increases the public presentation and productiveness losingss. These attendant wellness jobs can impact the national economic system by increasing the national wellness attention disbursals and lost disbursals due to the loss public presentation and productiveness in schools. Investigating the indoor air quality conditions inside schoolrooms is an expensive and potentially debatable issue because it is a map of different factors such as the edifice stuffs, equipment, furniture and HVAC systems where all of them are changing as a map of clip exposure and airing. The rate of airing inside any occupied zone can be a step for the quality of the indoor air. The adequately airing rate can be an index for inside environment, where during the literature many research workers reported that inadequate ( low ) airing rate indicates hapless indoor air quality and frailty versa. During this survey, the airing rates measurings inside the schoolrooms can be inferred by the C dioxide measurings, where the indoor concentration of C dioxide ( CO2 ) has frequently been used as a alternate for the airing rate per resident, including in schools. Lee and Chang ( 1999 ) and Daisey et Al. ( 2003 ) stated that the How to cite The Common Indoor Air Pollutants Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Fitchers Bird Essay Example For Students

Fitchers Bird Essay In the fairytale Fitchers Bird, a sorcerer disguises himself as an old beggar and kidnaps beautiful girls. One day, the sorcerer discovers a house with a man who has three beautiful daughters. After kidnapping the eldest daughter, the sorcerer tests her fidelity and obedience by handing her an egg and a set of keys. The daughter is allowed to explore the house, but she is forbidden to enter one room of the house or lose the egg. The eldest daughter succumbs to her curiosity and enters the room that she is prohibited from. In this room she discovers a bloody basin filled with dead people, and in her surprise she drops the egg into the blood. The sorcerer soon learns of the first daughters disobedience and murders her in the room. The second daughter is then kidnapped by the sorcerer and suffers a similar fate. However, when the third and youngest daughter is kidnapped, she uses her smarts to break the pattern and put the egg in a safe place before entering the forbidden chamber. In the chamber, the youngest daughter exhibits remembrance and rescues her sisters. She eventually is able to trick the sorcerer into bringing her sisters back home while she disguises herself as a bird and is able to escape from the sorcerers house, where he sorcerer and his friends are burned to death. Throughout the fairytale, many different symbols and themes arise. From the use of disguise to the fate of the sorcerer, various messages are presented to the audience by the fairytale. In order to interpret the principle message of Fitchers Bird, an analysis of the symbols and themes, in addition to an analysis of the structure of the fairytale, is necessary. The fairytales plotline follows the basic structural framework of a fairytale with a female protagonist and is a story about deliverance or salvation. The protagonist, ho is the youngest of 3 daughters, is set apart from her 2 elder sisters by her cleverness. Like many stories with female protagonists, there is originally imbalance within the family; no mention of a mother or any brothers is present at the beginning. While the sorcerer also kidnaps the two older sisters, the protagonist breaks the pattern of death by acting differently than her older sisters. First, the protagonist puts the egg away for safekeeping before entering the forbidden chamber. Second, the protagonist does not Just see dead bodies in the chamber but is able to recognize and remember the bodies of her sisters. By engaging in the unpleasant task of working towards putting her sisters back together, the protagonist is rewarded by the magical realm and is able to save her sisters. In this aspect, the element of rebirth in the fairytale occurs. Lastly, in terms of a structural standpoint, as the third daughter is the third to be kidnapped and she is able to break the pattern, it can be stated that the protagonists actions are representative of the saying the third time is the charm, which is quite popular in magical stories. Symbolically, many of the objects in Fitchers Bird have very important meanings. One of these symbols includes the egg that the sorcerer gives the girls and asks them to protect. As the egg is geometrically round in nature, it can be seen as a magical and important object. Additionally, the egg is fragile and represents life. By giving the girls the egg and telling them to protect it, in a sense, the sorcerer is telling the girls tnat IT tney oont Keep tne egg sate, It could cost tnem tnelr IITe. I ne Key to tne forbidden room that the sorcerer gives to the girls is another symbol, which is masculine and represents the sorcerers secrets. While the house contains rooms of old and silver, all of this luxury conceals the chamber where the sorcerer has chopped multiple women into different pieces. .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 , .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 .postImageUrl , .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 , .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53:hover , .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53:visited , .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53:active { border:0!important; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53:active , .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53 .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5cb3c1787a0bd11bbec36ad93d85ab53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nike Advertising EssayThe key to the forbidden room unlocks these secrets and reveals the true nature of the house. Another symbol in Fitchers Bird is the use of a bird as a disguise. Traditionally, birds are seen to represent freedom since they have the ability to fly around the world. By disguising herself as a bird, the protagonist is able to achieve her freedom and escape from the sorcerers home. The end fate of the sorcerer†burning to death†can also be seen as a symbol of purification and how ultimately good triumphs over evil. Themes present in Fitchers Bird include the idea that not everything is what it seems and the differences between appearance and reality. This idea is first presented when the sorcerer disguises himself as an old beggar. While on the outside the sorcerer seems perfectly harmless and deserving of help, in actuality he is a cold-blooded serial killer. Examples of other facades include the sorcerers house, the basket of the sisters in lieu of the basket of gold, the fake skull-bride, and the bird disguise. Through using disguises and facades, the sorcerer is able to kidnap women nd lure them in his house to their deaths. Conversely, through the same tactics, the protagonist is able to rescue her sisters and obtain her freedom. Another theme presented in Fitchers Bird regards the importance of remembrance and hard work. When the youngest sister entered the forbidden room, it would have been easy for her to forget about her older sisters in shock. However, the protagonist demonstrates the ability to remember her family and loved ones and put the work into taking care of them. The idea of looking out for ones family is very important and essential to society. Through a substantial analysis and interpretation of the fairytales structure, symbols, and themes, the principle message of Fitchers Bird is made clear. In many fairytales there exists the unlikely hero. Similarly to the unlikely hero, there can be the unlikely villain, the unlikely house, or even the unlikely bird. Had the three sisters not given bread to the seemingly helpless beggar, they could have avoided the whole situation altogether. Additionally, had the sorcerer looked past the fapde of the contents of the basket or the disguise of the bird, he could have prevented the three isters from escaping. In this way it is made common wisdom that not everything is what it seems. By exercising her virtues such as observance and cleverness, the protagonist is able to turn the tables from being fooled by the sorcerer to fooling the sorcerer. Ultimately, as the original purpose of fairytales in society was to educate children on the basic concepts of morality and introduce them to the ways of the world, the principle message in Fitchers Bird warns children against making quick judgments based on appearance and advises them to be aware and observant of their surroundings.

Sophias Resturant Essays - Fashion, Footwear, Nike, Inc., Shoe

Sophia's Resturant Overview At the age of 24, Sue Koenig launched Runners World retail shoe store. Well known and nationally ranked as a runner herself, Sue knew first hand of the need for athletic shoes uniquely designed for the serious runner. Her timing was perfect. Word-of-mouth spread and Runners World developed a good base of loyal and repeat customers. A national health and exercise craze further fueled the demand for high-end quality running shoes. This was a boon to early success, and resulted in a steady and profitable growth during the first ten years of operation. Sue had exclusively chosen Nike's premier line of running shoes as the cornerstone of Runners World retail product line. For a time, Nike's strong image and aggressive promotion campaign proved to be a very wise and solid marketing strategy. However, a number of factors have begun to adversely affect Runners World's performance. Company growth has come to a virtual standstill as recent sales have flattened out. Profit levels remain reasonable but could weaken if some immediate and possibly drastic changes are not incorporated. Competition, fashion and a wide spread loss of interest in running have cut into the niche market share Runners World once solely enjoyed. This has Sue concerned about what to do. When Sue initially started Runners World, she had a very specific target market in mind - the serious jogger or runner who wanted the best quality running shoes money could buy. Things were simple and straight forward, but now the demand and climate is changing. Customer choices, expectations and needs have expanded. There are many alternatives that Sue needs to carefully investigate and explore. Fundamentally, Sue must seriously evaluate whether there is still a large enough market locally for her particular inventory. Present Strategy In her heart, Sue knows that her mission is sound - to provide high-end running shoes to those who share her passion for the sport. There is no question that she reaches her target market. Her clientele, consisting of the most serious runners, are repeat buyers who turn running shoes into a staple. They find a shoe they like and stick with it. The high-end Nikes she currently sells were always well accepted and seen as top quality. Feeling that change is inevitable if she wants to stay competitive, Sue knows it is necessary to reconsider the business strategy of her marketing mix. Although compelled to price her inventory in line with Nike, Sue is still able to sell the shoes and get a $5 to $7 per pair premium. This has resulted in attractive profits overall while still remaining competitive in the market. As trends go, Sue is aware that running is on the decline. Nike running shoes are still her primary product, but as exercising turned to a kinder, gentler phase, Sue added a secondary inventory to her store. Hoping to capture a more diverse market, Runners World added Nike shoes for walking, aerobics, basketball, tennis, and cross training. These sold well for a while but sales for these other shoes have also flattened out. Runners World desperately needs to attract new business. Comfortable at its current location for the past twelve years, the surrounding area has become home to other retail chains and department stores, increasing the competition in the sports shoe and apparel market. Stores such as Foot Locker and Wal-Mart are clambering to catch up with their rivals who have been in the business for a while and carry immense selections. Sue's reputation as a nationally ranked runner had always been sufficient to promote Runners World, a familiar and stable fixture in the community. More recently, she has become painfully aware that her reputation alone won't be enough to sustain her current market. Determined to re-establish the store as the source for her runner's needs, Sue begins the daunting task of analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to her business. Conclusions Based on our analysis of Sue's current marketing strategy and the questions we have raised regarding Runner's World's future, we strongly urge Sue to continue to specialize in running shoes, but to add other high-end brands other than Nike and avoid the trendy and/or low-end brands such as Skechers (MENTION OTHER BRANDS & RESEARCH THEIR PRICES), which would only confuse her customers. We